How did Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon consolidate their thrones and pacify their kingdoms in the late fifteenth century Essays

How did Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon consolidate their thrones and pacify their kingdoms in the late fifteenth century Essays How did Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon consolidate their thrones and pacify their kingdoms in the late fifteenth century Essay How did Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon consolidate their thrones and pacify their kingdoms in the late fifteenth century Essay The achievements of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella, Queen of Castile (1474-1504) and Ferdinand, King of Aragon (1479-1516) have long been admired by historians. (www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /classroom/alevel/catholic.htm). When they married in October 1469, it resulted in the instigation of the consolidation of their thrones. The route to unification was not easy for them, they had several difficulties to overcome and it was not actually until five years after Isabella was crowned the queen of Castile that the entire kingdom finally came under her control and the couple became the joint sovereigns of Aragon and Castile. Imperial Spain was born from this Union of the Crowns.To assess how the consolidation of the thrones came about I plan to look in detail to the routes that had to be taken to unite the crowns. Also, once consolidated the way Isabella and Ferdinand managed to pacify the kingdoms.Before 1479 imperial Spain did not exist. The Iberian peninsular c onsisted of Portugal, Castile and Aragon (with three separate crowns).In 1406 Juan II became successor to the throne of Castile. However as a minor, this brought a period of much instability in the kingdom. His son Henry IV succeeded him in 1454. Chroniclers claim that he was incompetent, impotent and unfit to rule (www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/classroom /alevel/catholic.html) and the great nobles liberally exploited his power. With this strength of the nobles, they felt they could question his choice of successor.A group of nobles led by Alfonso Carillo, archbishop of Toledo, supported the rights of Isabella, the half-sister of Henry IV, as successor. Henry agreed to the nobles but only on the condition that she marry the widowed, much her elder, Alfonso V, king of Portugal. However Isabella had plans of her own, in search of allies, to strengthen her position and with the influence of the great nobles pressurising her into the decision, she chose Ferdinand, heir of Aragon, a plan h is father Juan II had been trying to initiate for some time. The matrimonial alliance was sought more eagerly by the Aragonese than by the Castilian branch, as Juan II was faced by revolution not only by Catalonia but also by the expansionist ambitions of Louis XI of France.The couple married in secret on 19 October 1469. As cousins, it became necessary to forge a papal bull which allowed them to marry within the forbidden degrees. Many people were strongly opposed to the marriage including Louis XI who had been hoping to secure Castile by a union between his brother and Isabella. There were also other nobles led by the powerful Mendoza family, who supported as heiress, Henrys infant daughter Juana (born 1463) known as La Beltraneja since it was rumoured that her real sire was Beltran de la Cueva, Duke of Albuquerque.When Henry IV heard of the event he disowned Isabella and recognised Juana as his heir. Nevertheless the kings death in 1474 eased the crisis that Isabella would have t o take to become Queen. Isabella was crowned Queen of castile in Segovia on 13th December 1474, the first step of the five year upward struggle for the throne. In May 1475, encouraged by her adherents, Juana, now married to Alfonso V of Portugal duly claimed the throne. Portuguese troops crossed the frontier into Castile, and risings broke out against Isabella and Ferdinand all through the country. What followed was a genuine civil war with Juana not only backed by Old Castile and most of Andalusia but also had the assistance of the Portuguese troops. Isabella was eventually victorious however with the assistance of Ferdinand who negotiated and used his militaristic skills giving Isabella advantage and maintaining the theory that Juana was not the true daughter of Henry IV. It was a slow process but eventually in 1479 Castile came under Isabellas control. The same year Juan II of Aragon died and Ferdinand and Isabella eventually became the joint sovereign of Castile and Aragon.The U nion of Crowns was regarded as a union of equals although each kingdom preserved its own social, political, and economic realities.. Aragon was an empire in decline while Castiles empire was just beginning to rise under its energetic young queen. Isabella was a devoted Christian and this religious conviction motivated her campaign to expel the Moors and Jews from Spain and spread Christianity to the rest of the world. Ferdinand, on the other hand, focused on Aragons Italian possessions and a series of royal marriages with the other royal houses of Europe.Even so Ferdinand and Isabella worked together to reform Spain. Until Queen Isabellas victory, politically Castile had been in turmoil. During the opening years of the fifteenth century the Castilian kings had become pawns in the hands of the Castilian aristocracy who exercised a great deal of political power as they had gained control over the majority of the land taken from the Moors. They represented only 3 per cent of the popula tion but owned almost 50 per cent of the land in Castile, leaving the remaining land divided between the Crown and the Church. Once Isabella and Ferdinand had firmly pacified the country, they planned to change this. They began restricting the power of the aristocracy by centralising their government and expanding their judicial system. Hence the monarchy was reformed and it was no longer in turmoil and firmly under the Crowns control.This stabilized the monarchys authority enough so that they could then focus on the completion of the reconquest. United, Ferdinand led the forces of Aragon and Castile to triumph thanks to his military and diplomatic skill. He and Isabella walked together in victory through the gates of Granada, the last Muslim place of defense, in Spain 1492. To Isabella this was a very important demonstration of her very strict Catholic faith and inspired the beginning of the Spanish Inquisition. The results included the expulsion of Muslims from the peninsula and t he expulsion of Jews from her kingdoms in order to create a homogeneous population of Christians. That same year, 1492, Isabella sponsored an expedition by Christopher Columbus that located America and signaled the beginning of a new era for Imperial Spain when he discovered America.Although the Monarchy had been unified in the sense of crowns it failed to emerge the kingdoms in the sense of people and in the sense of a national identity. Other than the fact that the two kingdoms would share the same monarchs, but in other respects they carried on leading the same lives. The only difference now would be that they were now partners, not rivals. Throughout their reign, the word Spain, referred to as it had done in medieval times, to the association of all the peoples in the peninsula, and had no specific political meaning and because of its imprecision they never used Spain in their official title calling themselves instead King and Queen of Castile, Leà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½n, Aragon, Sicily an d so on. Beyond the personal union, no attempt was made to change the complete autonomy of Castile and Aragon, and the achievement of a united Spain was never an objective of theirs. Minor improvements such as easing transport of goods between the realms, and decreeing equality between the three principal gold coins of Spain, helped economic exchange. But all the custom barriers that separated the kingdoms remained fully on force, and their institutions were kept separate.Going back to the medieval ages the crowns of Castile and Aragon had evolved in dissimilar ways, had different ideals and distinct institutions. The major differences were Castile was much larger, occupying almost four times that of Aragon and holding almost 80 per cent of the population, castile was essentially a united state with a single government; it had one Cortes, one tax structure, one language and one coinage, all this added to its size and population gave it greater political initiative than Aragon where each realm was governed independently by its own Cortes.With these major distinctions in mind it would and no attempt to change any of them, it is hard to say that Isabella and Ferdinand are the founders of an emergent Spain. It is true that they consolidated the thrones and pacified their kingdoms. But the only real unification was made by the crowns, not by the people. Also it is true that if it wasnt for them, it is likely that there would be no Spain today. If Juana had become sovereign, the world as we know it today may have been very different as it was Isabella who funded Columbus trip to America and without her Spanish America may not exist. They may not have set out to unify Spain but given time that is precisely what has happened. Along with the peace and order they brought, the emergence of Spain they can also take responsibility for.

Samsung Electronics Essay Essays

Samsung Electronics Essay Essays Samsung Electronics Essay Paper Samsung Electronics Essay Paper Executive Summary Recent quality related issues have put Samsung Electronics. one of the world’s largest engineering companies at hazard. These quality concerns. spiked through recent callbacks and external ailments. have generated a flow of bad intelligence coming to the desk of quality manager Kevin Sarni. The issues most normally found within the ailments related to expose issues. client service support. faulty electric constituents. sound. and safety. Of the chief issues. show and client service support appeared to be the most damaging. Once the forms and subjects became seeable. Samsung and its quality manager Kevin Sarni were challenged with instantly placing root causes. This was non an easy undertaking. although with the aid of a Six Sigma Black Belt adviser. Sarni was able to get down farther qualitative analysis to find where action is necessary. Problem Designation In April of 2012. Samsung Electronics. and its quality manager Kevin Sarni faced a figure of quality related jobs with their LCD telecastings. The jobs foremost surfaced after a recent LCD Television callback. Shortly thenceforth. ailments were generated through other beginnings online. every bit good as Samsung’s internal ailment database. ConsumerAffairs. the chief beginning of external client ailments. was an independent consumer intelligence and blogging web site. Sarni couldn’t believe the emotions encapsulated within the ailments found on ConsumerAffairs. and was concerned about the public rapidly developing a negative perceptual experience of Samsung’s merchandises. In the yesteryear. Sarni had worked specifically on quantitative fabrication informations and hence. lacked experience with the analysis of qualitative steps. Samsung’s dwindling quality and increasing figure of ailments had to be stopped. and as the quality manager. Sarni knew he had to assail them. but was faced with the inquiry of how to make so. Problem Analysis After farther analysis of the 33 ailments posted on ConsumerAffairs. at that place appeared to be some important forms. In order to take out the list of ailments it was necessary to build a tabular array naming the chief classs of issues. The five chief classs identified were show. client service. electronic constituents. sound. and safety. After the chief classs were established. subcategories were created ( Appendix 1 ) . The subcategories are merely smaller graduated table issues that relate to a bigger image job. Some ailments really included multiple facets. and are hence placed in more than one chief class. After categorising and analysing the ailments. an affinity diagram was created ( Appendix 2 ) . Following. a Pareto analysis was constructed in order to show the cumulative per centum and single frequences of the ailments ( Appendix 3 ) . Both the affinity diagram and the Pareto analysis show the two largest classs being show issues and client service issues. These two classs entirely amounted to 75 % of the issues addressed within the ailments. The largest issues in footings of show were lines through the screen. no image at all. and a fluttering image. Although there is no rigorous grounds. it is extremely likely that a faulty electronic constituent installed in the telecasting could do show issues. Customer service on the other manus was rather sporadic in footings of low frequences in the subcategories except for expired warranty/service programs and non-refundable state of affairss. These peculiar ailments of expired service seem to be the most emotional of all. and most likely the 1s that could develop a negative perceptual experience in the eyes of the populace. Other subcategories. such as audio and safety. were comparatively low in frequence. and hence should non be the immediate jobs to turn to. Last. to assistance in placing root causes. a cause-and-effect diagram was created ( Appendix 4 ) . The diagram consists of four subdiv isions including stuffs. procedures. environment. and people. Action Plan Due to such a high frequence in show issues. Sarni must turn to them with immediate attending. Assuming that many of the show issues are caused by defective constituents. such as the chief board. it is of import to place where in the procedure these faulty constituents are coming from whether it be internal fabrication procedures or providers. Since providers happen to be at the beginning of the supply concatenation it would be necessary to get down at that place. Sarni. along with cross-functional squads from Samsung must instantly schedule a visit to their chief providers of constituents such as the chief board. Once the visits are scheduled. Sarni and the cross-functional squads will carry on extended audits of the supplier’s processes and systems. The audits will dwell of elaborate scrutinies of the supplier’s equipment. procedure capableness. installations. and forces. Each provider they visit. Sarni along with another director. will be responsible for rating each provider. The rating prosodies should dwell of defects per twenty-four hours. harm. flexibleness. reactivity. and communicating. Grades will be recorded on a provider scorecard and so electronically documented upon return to Samsung’s office. Dependant on the findings. Sarni may be faced with taking another provider. that is. 1 who is systematically able to run into design specifications. Finally. one time a quality provider is developed within Samsung’s web of spouses. Sarni must direct important attempt in supervising their public presentation. To supervise the supplier’s public presentation overtime. Sarni will put formal ends and step the peculiar supplier’s public presentation against these ends on a regular footing. Although this peculiar provider audit procedure may take a few hebdomads. it must get down instantly. Ultimately. it will supply Sarni a definite reply of whether the faulty constituents are supplier related. or internally related. such as Samsung’s fabrication procedure. If so the faulty constituents continue to be experienced after the provider audit procedure. Sarni must get down an immediate review and audit of Samsung’s in-house fabrication procedures. After immediate action. the undermentioned term must besides be considered. The following most of import issue to turn to is Samsung’s degree of client service. Assuming Sarni doesn’t have direct authorization over the call centre employees. the client service manager will be in charge of turn toing client service betterments. The first measure in bettering client service will be the execution of an etiquette class required for each and every call centre employee. The etiquette class will be administered electronically and will hold a completion deadline. The class will include new guidelines and protocol associating to keeping clip. airting calls. taking duty. and being empathic towards the client. Upon the completion deadline. the client service manager must implement a recording system on all incoming phone calls to the call centre in order to supervise employee’s etiquette towards clients. Failure to stay by etiquette guidelines and protocol upon taking the etiquette class. would ensue in expiration of employment. After basic etiquette is established with the call centre employees. the client service manager must get down authorising his employees to take on larger duties and functions. The bulk of client ailments from ConsumerAffairs were directed towards the call centre and their inability to assist. Through employee authorization. the client service manager will let employees to publish a refund or replacing whether or non the customer’s guarantee or service program is expired. Not merely will this greatly better client service. but it could besides better employee morale because employees will experience a greater sense of power. Last. after bettering client service in the call centre. farther betterments may be aimed at extinguishing technicians. Sarni along with top direction must do the determination to outsource on-site fixs. Presently. on-site fixs are doing many jobs for Samsung every bit good as its clients. Many times the technician has been unable to mend the Television whether it was because of unavailable parts. wrong diagnosing. or merely an unqualified maintenance man. Alternatively of seeking to manage all facets of the concern internally. Samsung must engage an outside house with more experient technicians. To get down outsourcing on-site fixs. Sarni along with top direction must carry on research in order to happen fix companies that serve each geographical part. Upon choice. Samsung’s client service manager will set up a plan to pass on fix orders to the hosting company. This will let orders to be electronically transferred to the hosting company. who will so be responsible for transporting out the fix from that point on. Samsung’s call centre will so expect verification that the fix has been performed and follow up with the client. Not merely will the outsourcing allow Samsung to concentrate on its nucleus concern patterns. but it will besides cut down the sum of money tied up in assets such as fix trucks. tools. and parts.

Classroom Accommodations for Students With Dyslexia

Classroom Accommodations for Students With Dyslexia When a student with dyslexia is eligible for accommodations in the classroom through an IEP or Section 504, those accommodations need to be individualized to fit the unique needs of the student. Accommodations are discussed at the annual IEP meeting, during which the educational team determines the  accommodations that will help support student success.   Although students with dyslexia will have different needs,  there are some accommodations which are commonly found to be helpful for students with dyslexia. Reading Accommodations Provide books on tape, CDs, or on an electronic reader or textbook that a child can listen to especially for content areas.  Create opportunities for oral reading on a one-on-one basis and only ask the student to read aloud in class if he feels comfortable doing so and volunteers to readProvide outlines, summaries of chapters, vocabulary words and preview questions before readingAllow students to use a highlighter to mark important parts of the textUsed shared reading or reading buddiesAllow the student to discuss, one-on-one, the material after reading with a classroom aide, a partner student or the teacherProvide a set of books/textbooks for the student to keep at homeReduce spelling testsGive spelling tests orallyDont take off points for spelling errors on written workReduce spelling words Writing Accommodations Allow the student to dictate work to a parent or aideProvide speech-to-text softwareOffer alternative projects instead of written reportsPhotocopy another childs notes or designate a note-taker who will share notes at the end of classMinimize the amount of copying from the boardAllow the student to use a keyboard to take notesLet student respond to questions orally rather than writing each answerReduce written work Testing Accommodations Allow the student to take tests orallyAllow for extra timeReview directions to test orallyProvide alternatives to testing, such as projects, oral or video presentationsRead test questions to the student and write down answers as the student speaks the answerAllow tests to be taken outside of the classroom, in a quiet area with minimal distractionsHave students state answers into a tape recorder Homework Accommodations Reduce homework, especially assignments requiring readingAllow the student to dictate answers to homework to a parent, sibling or tutorAllow typewritten homeworkUse worksheets with minimal writingLimit time spent on homeworkDo not take off points for homework handed in late Giving Instructions or Directions Break large tasks into stepsGive directions in small stepsRead written directions or instructions to the studentProvide alternatives to writing assignments, use an online calendar, provide the student with a written list of assignments each morning, have a buddy student write assignments, an email list of assignments to student or parentGive examples or model behavior when giving instructionsMake eye contact with a student when giving directions Technology Accommodations Provide computers that have speech recognition softwareAllow the use of electronic spell-checkersProvide software that enlarges images on a computer screenProvide student with a computer to complete class workAllow students to tape record lessons Classroom Accommodations Often students with dyslexia also have co-morbid challenges, especially ADHD or ADD which will add to these students challenges and often leave them with  negative self-concept and low self-confidence.  Be sure to have some of these accommodations, either formally (in the IEP) or informally, as part of your classroom routines, to support both student success and student self-esteem.   Write schedules on boardWrite classroom rules on boardWrite homework assignments on the board in the morning and leave up throughout the dayHave the student sit near the teacherUse color-coding to organize desk, classroom and students booksUse multi-sensory activities to further understanding of topicsUse a positive reinforcement program with rewards and consequencesCreate private signals for a student to indicate high frustration or for the teacher to bring a child back on trackIncrease communication with parents, using daily or weekly emails or phone calls and increase meetings with parentsAssign classroom jobs that will help to increase self-esteemWork with the student to create achievable goals This list is not comprehensive  since just as  each student with dyslexia is different, their needs will be different. Some students may only require minimal accommodations while others may require more intense interventions and assistance. Use this list as a guideline to help you think about what needs the student, or students, in your classroom have. When attending IEP or Section 504 meetings, you can use this list as a checklist; sharing with the educational team what you feel would best help the student. References Accommodations in the Classroom, 2011, Staff Writer, University of Michigan: Institute for Human Adjustment Dyslexia, Date Unknown, Staff Writer, Region 10 Education Service Center Learning Disabilities, 2004, Staff Writer, University of Washington, The Faculty Room

Forensic science expert witnesses should be free to express their Essay

Forensic science expert witnesses should be free to express their opinion as they see fit - Essay Example Whether or not the incidence of human error within the court justice system is intentional or unintentional , miscarriage of justice is considered as a serious social issue that could destroy the ability of the court to promote a fair legal justice system throughout the United Kingdom. To avoid destroying the credibility of UK’s legal system, most of the long list of past and current miscarriage of justice cases are kept unpublished.In case the defendant is not guilty of a crime, Layne explained that miscarriages of justice can occur each time an innocent person is convicted of a crime that was committed by another person . This can happen in times when the defendant has been unfairly convicted because of failure to receive a fail trial. There are also situations wherein the innocent defendants can also be detained in a prison cell even though the innocent defendant has not been found guilty of a crime .... This can happen in times when the defendant has been unfairly convicted because of failure to receive a fail trial. There are also situations wherein the innocent defendants can also be detained in a prison cell even though the innocent defendant has not been found guilty of a crime3. On the other hand, miscarriages of justice can occur in case the judge let go of a guilty defendant. In case the life of a witness or one of the jurors has been seriously threatened, there is a strong possibility for a guilty defendant to be acquitted in a court trial. Extent and Limitations wherein Forensic Science Experts should be Legally Allowed to Freely Express their Personal Opinions as They See Fit Expert witness is referring to professionals with proper education or expertise in a particular field (i.e. psychiatrist, pharmacologists, neurologists, etc.) who could assist in solving a criminal case4. Their main role is to provide scientific-based evidences or testimony based on facts in the court . Over the past decades, expert witnesses managed to help in solving crimes by presenting scientific-based information that are useful in making the members of the jury decide whether or not the defendant is guilty of a crime. Even though expert witness could help the jury solve criminal cases, there are also some instances wherein the information coming from the expert witnesses could lead to miscarriage of justice5. Because of the increasing number of wrongful conviction in UK, several previous cases strongly suggest the need to develop and implement a new â€Å"corrective justice system† throughout the United Kingdom6. This is probably one of the reasons that had triggered the need to determine the extent and limitations wherein the

The Simple Pendulum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Simple Pendulum - Essay Example The oscillations were repeated nine times using the same thread, same ball, while varying the length of the thread. The data was collected and analyzed using a graph. The results showed that as the length of the thread was reduced so was the time taken for a complete oscillation. It is widely known that the acceleration gravity g = 9.8 m/s2. (PHY 123 Lab 1 - Error and Uncertainty and the Simple Pendulum, 2010). However, the acceleration gravity may vary and as such the experiment of a simple pendulum can be used to determine the acceleration gravity (L09. Measuring the Acceleration Due to Gravity with a Simple Pendulum). The movement of a fixed object from one point to the opposite side and back to the original point is called an oscillation (Gray, Costanzo, Conaway, Watterson, & Riley, 2005). The period of the oscillation is dependent on the length of the pendulum, the amplitude of the swing and the acceleration due to gravity (PHY 123 Lab 1 - Error and Uncertainty and the Simple Pendulum, 2010). There are a number of factors always ignored that could affect the period of the pendulum-the experimental errors (L09. Measuring the Acceleration Due to Gravity with a Simple Pendulum). The objective of this experiment was to estimate the value of gravitational fo rce (g), based on measurements obtained from a simple pendulum and comparing it to the value of widely accepted value of 9.81ms-2. Moreover, the project aimed at understanding the relationship between different parameters in an oscillating system. The relationship employed in this experiment was: The sphere (golf ball) was connected to a thread to create a pendulum. The length of the thread used for this experiment was 0.79m determined by the measurement tool. A stopwatch was used to set and record the time taken for the oscillations. The pendulum was fixed to a table in order to limit errors and to make the oscillations near perfect. The time was set before the oscillations then measured and recorded

Social distance and social connectedness Term Paper

Social distance and social connectedness - Term Paper Example Both of the terms, i.e. the social distance and the social connectedness although different in meaning, are employed to discuss the level of closeness between the individual groups within the society that differ from one another on various grounds. Social interaction and dialogue between different communities gives rise to unity and strength, and promotes the prosperity and progress of the nation as a whole. The vast amount of literature developed in the area of sociology has categorized social distance into three different types, namely the affective social distance, the normative social distance and the interactive social distance. Social distance is called as affective distance when it depicts the concerns of one community towards another community when the latter experiences certain hardships in the society. On the other hand, normative distance serves to differentiate between insiders and the outsiders. â€Å"Relations between normatively close members of a group are not always warm and friendly, and normatively distant groups can sometimes be an object of reverence and love.† (Karakayali, 2009). The third type of social distance is called as the interactive social distance that is essentially a measure of the level of interaction and socialization between two parties in the society. In light of this definition, the interactive social distance is inversely proportional to th e communicative strength prevailing in a relation between the two parties. Every individual in the society builds personal boundaries around him/her and this is an intrinsic feature of human psychology. â€Å"This social distance is also known as body space and comfort zone and the use of this space is called proxemics.† (Hall, 1966). It is also essential to a certain extent in order for the individual to be educated on the necessary limits to be drawn

Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Films - Essay Example The premise that there is no relation between the viewer and the film, almost telling the audience directly that "it is only a movie" is "a symptom of an imagined loss of concrete, physical bond of belief between the viewer and the film";1 hence reinforcing the statement that all films are illusions. It is this connection between the film and the viewer is one that sets the illusion. Films are a wide array of pictures that move, creating motion that gives way to the creation of real movements. Since their creation, viewers have been accustomed to watch films regularly as part of entertainment. The narrative, special effects, sound, and cinematography all contribute in creating one interesting and engaging motion picture. However, technically speaking, films are just illusions. This illusion-character of films is important in a technical pursuit of using elements such as sound, cinematography, special effects, narrative, mise-en-scene, and the like in order to put across a film of good taste. Special effects are illusions used in order to stimulate imagined series of events in films. These are used in order to make film frames or images appear photographically. Illusions in special effects are seen in the use of mechanized props, scenery, or atmospheric effects producing physical rain, snow, clouds, or fog. Mechanical facts can be used to make a car drive by itself, or a building blowing up. Mechanical effects as a form of special effects are formed in a set that suggests a certain atmosphere or sight, such as break-away doors or walls. It is apparent that films use visual magic in order to create illusions and some trick effects in order to affect the audience to startle. The persistence of vision through special effects is proved to produce smooth, flowing action when projected, just as what is mentioned earlier. In-camera effects are common features of special effects, such as making a miniature appear bigger as in the case of robots in Japanese television programs, o r the use of back projection or matte paintings. Three-dimensional models are also used in order to establish in-house special effects such as in the movie King Kong and Terminator II which used three-dimensional effects. With the use of special effects, there is no need to capture a scene with the use of real-life objects and events that endanger the lives and limbs of people. Rather, through the visual illusions depicted in films through the use of technical effects, objects are made to appear larger or smaller; buildings are made to appear uprooted from the ground, and ships are made to appear sinking. However, in King Kong's production, the usage of sets was not maximized due primarily to the unfamiliarity of sets in the 1920's and 1930's. Thus, in King Kong, the camera/gun trope was used, with the cameraman takings shots of animals in the jungle of the African veldt.2 The special effects during the production process enhanced the photographed animals and sceneries. This enhancement is again, to create further illusion among the audiences. In Forbidden Planet (1956), the special effects are seen to stimulate the imagination of the audience in order for them to